Compact set in metric space pdf

A metric space which is sequentially compact is totally bounded and complete. Jan 02, 2017 a video explaining the idea of compactness in r with an example of a compact set and a noncompact set in r. Intro real analysis, lec 33, euclidean metric, triangle. Every continuous function on a compact set is uniformly continuous. An open sets family of a metric space is defined next and it has been shown that the metric space with any open sets family is a topological space. In fact, every compact metric space is a continuous image of the cantor set. In euclidean space, a set being compact is equivalent to. A metric space is just a set x equipped with a function d of two variables which measures the distance between points. A subset a of x is compact with respect to the subspace topology on a if. A metric space is said to be locally compact if every point has a compact neighborhood. Schep in this note we shall present a proof that in a metric space x. Metric spaces a metric space is a set x that has a notion of the distance dx,y between every pair of points x,y.

We then have the following fundamental theorem characterizing compact metric spaces. X with x 6 y there exist open sets u containing x and v containing y such that u t v 3. It is stronger then usual continuity at every point because here depends only on the and not on the point nonexample. Compact sets in metric spaces are complete mathonline. The sequential compactness is equivalent to socalled countable compactness. Denition theclosureof a, denoted a, is the smallest closed set containing a alternatively, the intersection of all closed sets containing a. Denition theinteriorof a, denoted inta, is the largest open set contained in a alternatively, the union of all open sets contained in a.

A set k in a metric space x, d is said to be compact if any open cover u. Let f n be a decreasing sequence of closed nonempty subsets of x, and let g n fc n. Theorem in metric space, a subset kis compact if and only if it is sequentially compact. Say a metric space xis sequentially compact if every sequence in xhas a subsequence that converges in x. So unlike with closed and open sets, a set is \compact relative a subset y if and only if it is compact relative to the whole space.

A sequentially compact subset of a metric space is bounded and closed. A metric space x is compact if every open cover of x has a finite subcover. Spaces of continuous functions if the underlying space x is compact, pointwise continuity and uniform continuity is the same. A pathconnected space is a stronger notion of connectedness, requiring the structure of a path. A metric space is called sequentially compact if every sequence in x has a convergent subsequence. A of open sets is called an open cover of x if every x. Pdf in this article, we mainly formalize in mizar 2 the equivalence among a. A metric space which is totally bounded and complete is also sequentially compact. When we discuss probability theory of random processes, the underlying sample spaces and eld structures become quite complex. The answer is yes, and the theory is called the theory of metric spaces. The equivalence between closed and boundedness and compactness is valid in nite dimensional euclidean spaces and some special in nite dimensional space such as c1k. Theorem each compact set k in a metric space is closed and bounded. In other words, the compact sets in rn are characterized by the bolzanoweierstrass property.

We do not develop their theory in detail, and we leave the veri. The definition below imposes certain natural conditions on the distance between the points. Informally, 3 and 4 say, respectively, that cis closed under. So, lets look at an example of a subset of a metric space that is not compact. Compact spaces connected sets relative compactness theorem suppose x. We will also be interested in the space of continuous rvalued functions cx. Suppose that x is a sequentially compact metric space. Compact sets in metric spaces uc davis mathematics. If you do not wish to use the heineborel theorem for metric spaces as suggested in the answer by igor rivin then here is another way of proving that a compact metric space is complete. Note that in metric spaces the notions of compactness and sequential compactness coincide. The following properties of a metric space are equivalent. Xis compact, and x j2kis a cauchy sequence, then there exists x2ksuch that lim j. A metric space is compact if and only if it is sequentially compact. Proof if k is a closed set in x, then k is compact lemma 5.

If uis an open cover of k, then there is a 0 such that for each x2kthere is a. A path from a point x to a point y in a topological space x is a continuous function. Some of this material is contained in optional sections of the book, but i will assume none of that and start from scratch. Compact metric space yongheng zhang when we say a metric space xis compact, usually we mean any open covering of xhas a nite subcovering. A metric space x is compact if every open cover of x has a. A metric space is a set in which we can talk of the distance between any two of its elements. Every compact metric space is second countable, and is a continuous image of the cantor set. A metric space is complete if every cauchy sequence converges.

A metric space x is sequentially compact if every sequence of points in x has a convergent subsequence converging to a point in x. A video explaining the idea of compactness in r with an example of a compact set and a noncompact set in r. In general, it may be more difficult to show that a subset of a metric space is compact than to show a subset of a metric space is not compact. Cauchy sequence in x has a convergent subsequence, so, by lemma 6 below. Note that every compact space is locally compact, since the whole space xsatis es the necessary condition. Intro real analysis, lec 33, euclidean metric, triangle inequality, metric spaces, compact sets. Proposition each closed subset of a compact set is also. R 0,1 from the real number line to the closed unit interval, and define a topology on k so that a sequence in k converges towards if and only if converges towards f x. On the other hand, the closed unit ball of the dual of a normed space is compact for the weak topology. Turns out, these three definitions are essentially equivalent. Compact spaces connected sets open covers and compactness.

Pdf some notes on compact sets in soft metric spaces. A space is locally compact if it is locally compact at each point. Roughly speaking, a metric on the set xis just a rule to measure the distance between any two elements of x. Notes on metric spaces these notes introduce the concept of a metric space, which will be an essential notion throughout this course and in others that follow. A metric space is sequentially compact if every sequence has a convergent subsequence. Ais a family of sets in cindexed by some index set a,then a o c. X, there exists an open neighborhood u of x with closure u. A metric or topological space is compact if every open cover of the space has a nite subcover. A subset, k, of m is said to be compact if and only if every open cover of k by open sets in m. Remarks in the theory of point set topology, the compactness implies the sequential compactness, but not vice versa. Suppose kis a subset of a metric space xand k is sequentially compact. Euclidean spaces are locally compact, but infinitedimensional banach.